RESUMEN El subarriendo de habitaciones es una realidad ampliamente extendida en las grandes áreas urbanas; sin embargo, la ausencia de estadísticas al respecto dificulta su análisis. Gran parte de la población inmigrante accede a una vivienda mediante esta modalidad. Por ello, en este estudio se analizan 27 entrevistas semiestructuradas para evaluar el papel del subarriendo en la trayectoria residencial de dicho colectivo en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona. Los resultados confirman la creciente dificultad que tienen los inmigrantes que han llegado recientemente para avanzar en la escala habitacional y, más concretamente, el protagonismo del subarriendo como recurso residencial precario de dicha población, en particular en las etapas tempranas de inserción residencial, aunque no exclusivamente, pues también se ha detectado la existencia de trayectorias residenciales inversas. Se comprueba también la presencia de submercados de habitaciones a los que se accede de manera exclusiva a través de cadenas migratorias.

ABSTRACT The subleasing of rooms is a widespread reality in large urban areas, however, the absence of statistics in this regard makes its analysis difficult. A large part of the immigrant population has access to a dwelling through this modality. Therefore, in this study, 27 semi-structured interviews are analyzed to evaluate the role of subleasing in the housing patterns of this group in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. The results confirm the increasing difficulty that recent immigrants have to advance in the housing scale and, more specifically, the prominence of subleasing as a precarious residential resource for the population, particularly in the early stages of residential insertion, although not exclusively, since the existence of reverse residential trajectories has also been detected. We also verify that the presence of submarkets rooms that are accessed exclusively through migratory chains.

ABSTRACT Background: In adolescents, the recommended daily intake (RDI) of calcium is 1,300 mg. In Chile, the latest National Survey of Food Consumption showed that the median total calcium intake was less than half of the RDI. An adequate intake of calcium in adolescence negatively affects BMD. Aim: To determine the association of calcium intake and nutritional status with bone mineral density (BMD) in male and female adolescents with completed pubertal development (Tanner 5). Methods: Cross-sectional study in a random sample of 79 male and female adolescents, ages 17-18. Participants were healthy, Tanner stage 5, and BMI <35 kg/m2. Three 24-hour recall questionnaires determined food intake. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, and BMI was estimated. Bone mineral density (BMD) was also measured. Results: Sixty-eight percent of adolescents had less than 50% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) for calcium. Mean calcium intake was 658±328mg/d and 568±299 mg/d in males and females, respectively. In both sexes, the mean standardized BMD was normal or > −1 SD. BMD was higher in obese participants compared to normal-weight adolescents (1.05±0.85 vs 0.33±0.86; P= 0.04), although no differences in nutrients and food intake. Calcium intake was unrelated to total bone mass and unstandardized BMD. Conclusions: In our sample of adolescents with complete pubertal development, there was no relationship between calcium intake and bone mineralization levels. There was a significant relationship between bone mineralization and nutritional status, with BMD being higher in adolescents with obesity.

RESUMEN Introducción: La cantidad diaria recomendada (RDA) de calcio en adolescentes es de 1.300 mg/día. La última Encuesta Nacional de Consumo Alimentario de Chile, mostró que la mediana de ingesta total de calcio fue menos de la mitad de la RDA. Una ingesta insuficiente de calcio puede impactar negativamente la mineralización ósea. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la ingesta de calcio y estado nutricional sobre la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) de adolescentes con desarrollo puberal completo. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. Participaron n= 79 adolescentes de ambos sexos de entre 17 y 18 años elegidos al azar, aparentemente sanos, estadio Tanner 5 e IMC<35 kg/m2. Se determinó ingesta alimentaria por encuesta recordatorio 24 horas. Se midió peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, DMO y calcio sérico (mg/dl). Se estimaron IMC, IMC estandarizado y DMO estandarizada. Resultados: En la muestra (51% mujeres) el 18% tenía obesidad y el 25%, sobrepeso. Un 68% de los adolescentes ingirió menos del 50% de la recomendación de ingesta de calcio. El consumo promedio de calcio fue de 658±328mg/d y 568±299 mg/d en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. La DMO estandarizada (puntaje Z) fue normal para ambos sexos (>-1 DE). Según estado nutricional, no hubo diferencias significativas en la ingesta de nutrientes, pero sí en la DMO. En media, la DMO estandarizada (puntaje Z) fue normal para ambos sexos (>-1 DE); los adolescentes con obesidad presentaron una DMO estandarizada significativamente mayor que los adolescentes de peso normal (1,05±0,85 vs 0.33±0,86; P= 0,04). La ingesta de calcio no se relacionó con la masa ósea total ni con la DMO estandarizada. Conclusión: En adolescentes con desarrollo puberal completo no hubo relación entre la ingesta de calcio y los niveles de mineralización ósea. Sí hubo relación entre mineralización ósea y estado nutricional, siendo mayor la DMO en los individuos con obesidad.

ABSTRACT Wetlands are globally valuable ecosystems, mainly because they provide ecosystem services. In Peru, these ecosystems are governed by regulations that have been in place for the last 60 years. However, these have not been critically assessed to date. This paper compiles and analyzes the regulations related to Peruvian wetlands, evaluating the penalties they impose and their consistency with the legal systems protecting these areas. As a result, 44 documents were found, which include laws (13), decrees (11), resolutions (8), strategies (6), regulations (3), protocol (1), declaration (1) and the constitution. Eighty-five percent of these documents (37) do not set forth any sanctions; seven established penalties. Among the latter, we find penalties punishing pollution (4 documents), overexploitation of resources (3), poor management (3), accumulation of debris (1), and the presence of drains (1). As well, we find impacts that are used to assess the conservation status in protected areas, such as pollution (7), overuse of resources (4), displacement of native species by the introduction of exotic species (3) and habitat loss (2). The evolution of documents over time, the penalties they establish, and the need to strengthen regulatory aspects and propose strategies jointly with competent authorities and the population are discussed.

RESUMEN Los humedales son ecosistemas valiosos a nivel mundial, principalmente por la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. En el Perú estos ecosistemas cuentan con una normativa que ha venido funcionando los últimos 60 años, pero hasta la fecha no se ha hecho una evaluación crítica de la misma. El presente trabajo compila y analiza la normativa relacionada a los humedales peruanos, evaluando sus sanciones y su coherencia con los sistemas legales de protección de estas áreas. Como resultado, se encontraron 44 documentos repartidos en leyes (13), decretos (11), resoluciones (8), estrategias (6), reglamentos (3), protocolo (1), declaración (1) y la constitución. El 85% de los documentos (37) no presentan sanción; 7 tuvieron una sanción; estos últimos, sancionan la contaminación (4 documentos), la sobreexplotación del recurso (3), la mala gestión (3), la acumulación de escombros (1), la presencia de desagües (1), así como impactos que se utilizan para evaluar el estado de conservación en áreas protegidas como contaminación (7), sobre uso de recursos (4), desplazamiento de especies nativas por introducción de especies exóticas (3) y la pérdida de hábitat (2). Se discute la evolución temporal de los documentos, las sanciones que brindan y se reconoce la necesidad de fortalecer los aspectos reglamentarios y plantear estrategias de forma conjunta con las autoridades encargadas y la población.

Gas-Shielded Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) was modified to a Flux-Cored-Double-Wire GTAW (FCDW-GTAW); in this technique, wires of different compositions are used simultaneously to obtain different microstructures. In the modified GTAW, automatic flux-cored double-wire was used with a combination of four different wires deposited in AISI1020 steel, allowing different microstructures. Pin-on-disk wear tests described by ASTM G99 was used to evaluate the wear coefficients of four hardfacing materials combining Fe–Cr–C, Fe-Cr-C-Nb, Fe-Cr-C-Mo-Nb, and Fe-Cr-C-Mo-Ti alloys. The combination of these wires resulted in a hypoeutectic microstructure with niobium and titanium carbides, with an average hardness of 650 HV0.3, and hypereutectic microstructures formed by different niobium contents, with a microhardness range from 820 to 1020 HV0.3. The wear tests were performed without lubrication at room temperature, using a 6.0 mm diameter polished alumina sphere as a counter-body. The total distance covered was 1000 m with a speed of 0.1 m/s, a track radius of 6.0 cm, and an applied load of 10 N. Hardness, microstructure, wear coefficient, and wear mechanisms were compared. The results showed that wear resistance could be differentiated by the predominant wear mechanism: polishing for the hypoeutectic hardfacing and cracking for the hypereutectic ones.

Abstract The present study analyzed the influence of a hybrid unit on Motivation, BPN satisfaction, Intention to be Physically Active and Satisfaction in PE class. Gender was considered as a variable of interest. Sport Education Model (SE) and Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) were hybridized in a mini handball unit for four secondary education groups, aged between 13 and 15 years (n=70). In other three classes (n=67) a traditional approach was proposed, working as a control group. Pre and post test MANOVA inferential analysis was conducted between and within groups. Experimental group showed significative results in almost all variables. Preliminary gender differences were removed or minimized for all variables. The hybridization of pedagogical models could support a more inclusive, equitable environment. Both genders showed similar values of self-determined motivation and improved both their satisfaction in PE classes and their intention to be physically active.

Resumen El presente estudio valoró la influencia de una unidad híbrida sobre la motivación, la satisfacción de las NPB, la intención de ser físicamente activo y la satisfacción hacia la clase de EF. El género fue considerado como variable de interés. Se hibridaron los modelos Educación Deportiva (MED) y Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) en una unidad de minibalonmano para cuatro grupos de Educación Secundaria, de entre 13 y 15 años (n=70). En otras tres clases (grupo control, n=67) se planteó un enfoque tradicional. Se planteó un análisis inferencial MANOVA inter e intragrupo, pre y post test. El grupo experimental mostró mejoras significativas para casi todas las variables. Las diferencias de género previas se minimizaron o eliminaron en todas las variables. Ambos géneros parecen tener valores similares de motivación más autodeterminada, mejorando su satisfacción hacia las clases de EF y la intención de ser físicamente activos, favoreciendo un entorno más equitativo.

Resumo O presente estudo valorizou a influência em uma unidade híbrida sobre a motivação, satisfação das NPB, intenção de ser fisicamente ativo e a satisfação em relação à aula de EF. Considerou-se o gênero como variável de interesse. Recorrendo à hibridação dos modelos Educação Desportiva (MED) e Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) em uma unidade de mini-handebol dirigida a quatro turmas do Ensino Fundamental, entre 13 e 15 anos (n=70). Noutras três aulas (grupo de controlo, n=67) propôs uma abordagem tradicional. Propôs uma análise dedutiva MANOVA inter e intragrupal pré e pós-teste. A turma experimental melhorou significativamente em quase todas as variáveis. As diferenças de gênero prévias minimizaram ou foram eliminadas no que respeita a todas as variáveis. Além disso, os meninos e as meninas parecem ter valores semelhantes de motivação mais autodeterminada, melhorando a satisfação em relação à classe de educação física e a intenção de ser fisicamente ativo.

Abstract Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is a management quality control system that encompasses the organizational process and conditions under which non-clinical health and environmental studies are carried out. According to the World Health Organization, GLP must contain five topics: resources, characterization, rules, results, and quality control. This work aims to address a review according to WHO standards of implementing Good Laboratory Practices in zebrafish (Danio rerio) vivariums. Considering that the promotion of one health (animal, human, and environmental) associated with an education plan, protocols, and records are fundamental to guarantee the safety and integrity of employees, animals, and the environment as well as reliability in the results generated. In a way, Brazil still needs improvements related to the well-being of aquatic organisms (national laws, international agreements, corporate programs, and others), especially concerning its use in research and technological development. In this way, the implementation of GLPs provides valuable guidance for improving animal welfare and worker safety, facilitating the standardization of research.

Resumo As Boas Práticas de Laboratório (BPL) são um sistema de controle de qualidade gerencial que abrange o processo organizacional e as condições sob as quais os estudos não clínicos de saúde e meio ambiente são desenvolvidos. Conforme a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) as BPL devem conter cinco tópicos: recursos, caracterização, regras, resultados e controle de qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão conforme o padrão da OMS para a implementação das BPL em biotério de zebrafish. Considerando que a promoção da saúde única (animal, humana e ambiental) associada a um plano de educação, protocolos e registros são fundamentais para garantir a segurança e a integridade dos trabalhadores/pesquisadores, animais e meio ambiente assim como confiabilidade nos resultados gerados. De certa forma o Brasil ainda necessita de melhorias relacionadas ao bem-estar de organismos aquáticos (leis nacionais, acordos internacionais, programas corporativos e outros); especialmente em relação à utilização deste na pesquisa e desenvolvimento tecnológico. Desta forma, a implementação de BPL fornece uma orientação valiosa para a melhoria do bem-estar animal, e segurança do trabalhador vindo a facilitar a padronização da pesquisa.

Abstract Introduction Ménière disease (MD) affects the inner ear, comprising the cochlea and semicircular canals. Symptoms include severe incapacitating vertigo, nausea, vomit, aural fullness, and sensorineural hearing loss – in which speech discrimination and intelligibility are impaired and can be quantified with speech audiometry. Objective To investigate the influence of the stimuli presentation level in speech audiometry and the quality of life in adults with and without a diagnosis of MD. Method Two groups were formed with nine individuals each – one with and the other without MD. The Speech Recognition Percentage Index was researched with stimuli presented above the self-reported comfort level or 5 dB below the discomfort level. Dizziness Handicap and Tinnitus Handicap Inventories were administered to individuals with tinnitus and vertigo complaints. Results Speech recognition was better in the study group with higher presentation levels, as 75% of the sample improved their performance. The presence of vertigo significantly impacted the quality of life of individuals in the study group. Conclusion Speech recognition improves with higher presentation levels. Also, MD impacts the quality of life, especially regarding limitations caused by vertigo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a tool that is already part of our reality, and this is an opportunity to understand how it can be useful in interacting with patients and providing valuable information about orthodontics. Objective: This study evaluated the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing accurate and quality information to answer questions on Clear aligners, Temporary anchorage devices and Digital imaging in orthodontics. Methods: forty-five questions and answers were generated by the ChatGPT 4.0, and analyzed separately by five orthodontists. The evaluators independently rated the quality of information provided on a Likert scale, in which higher scores indicated greater quality of information (1 = very poor; 2 = poor; 3 = acceptable; 4 = good; 5 = very good). The Kruskal-Wallis H test (p< 0.05) and post-hoc pairwise comparisons with the Bonferroni correction were performed. Results: From the 225 evaluations of the five different evaluators, 11 (4.9%) were considered as very poor, 4 (1.8%) as poor, and 15 (6.7%) as acceptable. The majority were considered as good [34 (15,1%)] and very good [161 (71.6%)]. Regarding evaluators’ scores, a slight agreement was perceived, with Fleiss’s Kappa equal to 0.004. Conclusions: ChatGPT has proven effective in providing quality answers related to clear aligners, temporary anchorage devices, and digital imaging within the context of interest of orthodontics.

RESUMO Introdução: A Inteligência Artificial (IA) é uma ferramenta que já faz parte de nossa realidade, e esta é uma oportunidade de entendermos como ela pode ser útil na interação com os pacientes e no fornecimento de informações valiosas sobre Ortodontia. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a precisão do ChatGPT em responder a perguntas sobre Alinhadores transparentes, Dispositivos de ancoragem temporária, e Imagens digitais em Ortodontia. Métodos: 45 perguntas e respostas foram geradas pelo ChatGPT 4.0 e analisadas separadamente por cinco ortodontistas que, de forma independente, avaliaram a qualidade das informações fornecidas, usando uma escala de Likert, na qual pontuações mais altas indicavam uma maior qualidade das informações (1 = muito ruim; 2 = ruim; 3 = aceitável; 4 = bom; 5 = muito bom). Aplicou-se o teste H de Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05) e comparações pareadas post-hoc com correção de Bonferroni. Resultados: Das 225 avaliações dos cinco avaliadores diferentes, 11 (4,9%) foram consideradas como muito ruins, 4 (1,8%) como ruins, e 15 (6,7%) como aceitáveis. A maioria foi considerada boa [34 (15,1%)] ou muito boa [161 (71,6%)]. Com relação às pontuações dos avaliadores, percebeu-se uma leve concordância, com o Kappa de Fleiss igual a 0,004. Conclusões: O ChatGPT mostrou eficácia em fornecer respostas de qualidade para questões relacionadas a Alinhadores transparentes, Dispositivos de ancoragem temporária e Imagens digitais.

Resumo Este artigo analisa a construção, por imigrantes internacionais, de redes sociais no país de destino e as características dessas redes de acordo com o país de origem. O caso de três grupos residentes no Chile é estudado por meio de um desenho metodológico qualitativo baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas, que são abordadas a partir da análise sociológica do discurso. Os resultados mostram que aqueles que se incorporam com mais facilidade e rapidez no local de destino tendem a estabelecer redes de vínculos fracos. Ao contrário, aqueles que têm mais dificuldade em se incorporar ao local de destino, ou o fazem apenas parcialmente, tendem a estabelecer redes culturalmente fechadas e coesas. construção internacionais origem semiestruturadas discurso fracos contrário parcialmente coesas

Resumen Se analiza la construcción, por parte de inmigrantes internacionales, de redes sociales en el país de destino, y las características de estas redes según el país de origen. Se estudia el caso de tres colectivos residentes en Chile, utilizando metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas, que se analizan mediante análisis narrativo. Los resultados muestran que quienes tienden a incorporarse con mayor rapidez en el lugar de destino, suelen establecer redes de vínculos débiles. Por el contrario, quienes tienen más dificultades para incorporarse en el lugar de destino, o lo hacen solo parcialmente, establecen redes densas más cerradas en lo cultural. construcción internacionales destino origen Chile semiestructuradas narrativo débiles contrario parcialmente cultural

Abstract This article analyzes international immigrants’ construction of social networks in the country of destination, and the characteristics of these networks according to the country of origin. The case of three groups residing in Chile is studied through a qualitative methodological design based on semi-structured interviews, examined by means of narrative analysis. Results show that those who adapt more easily and quickly to the place of destination tend to establish networks with weak ties. Conversely, those who have more difficulties in adapting to the place of destination, or do so only partially, tend to establish closed, tightly-knit cultural networks. immigrants origin semistructured semi structured interviews analysis ties Conversely partially closed tightlyknit tightly knit

ABSTRACT The variability of potato cultivars and environments in the production area of Nariño-Colombia, demands the adjustment of agronomic recommendations for the improvement of crop management. Physiological behavior and yield of four short-cycle potato cultivars were evaluated: Solanum tuberosum Phureja groups (Mambera, Ratona Morada and Criolla Colombia) and Andigena (Morasurco), under three environments, characterized edaphoclimatically (AH1, AH2, and AH4) and three fertilization levels. The yield components did not present differences between these levels, except for AH2, where level 3 surpassed the others in yield, and AH3 for harvest index with differences between levels. Regarding the cultivars, there were statistical differences in all environments; the highest yield was obtained by Ratona Morada and Mambera in AH4, Criolla Colombia in AH1, and a homogeneous behavior for Morasurco in all environments. In AH1 and AH2 the physiological indexes were similar in proportion and occurrence, while in AH4 the behavior was variable, with higher values in Morasurco and Mambera. ANOVA and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) differentiated Morasurco from Phureja cultivars and Criolla Colombia from Ratona and Mambera. The grouping of environments in the DAPC ratifies the classification of the environments. The nutritional requirements of the genotypes can be limited by elements different from those evaluated; the productivity was mainly influenced by the environments; Mambera and Ratona Morada are established as alternatives in the AH4 environment, and Criolla Colombia and Morasurco in the other environments.

RESUMEN La variabilidad de cultivares de papa y ambientes en la zona productora de Nariño-Colombia, demanda el ajuste de recomendaciones agronómicas para mejorar el manejo del cultivo. Se evaluó el comportamiento fisiológico y el rendimiento de cuatro cultivares de papa de ciclo corto: Solanum tuberosum grupos Phureja (Mambera, Ratona Morada y Criolla Colombia) y Andigena (Morasurco), bajo tres ambientes caracterizados edafoclimáticamente (AH1, AH2 y AH4) y tres niveles de fertilización. Los componentes de rendimiento no presentaron diferencias entre estos niveles, a excepción de AH2, donde el nivel 3 superó a los demás en rendimiento y AH3 para índice de cosecha con diferencias entre niveles. Con respecto a los cultivares, hubo diferencias estadísticas en todos los ambientes; el mayor rendimiento lo obtuvo Ratona Morada y Mambera en AH4, Criolla Colombia en AH1 y un comportamiento homogéneo para Morasurco en todos los ambientes. En AH1 y AH2 los índices fisiológicos fueron similares en proporción y ocurrencia, mientras en AH4 el comportamiento fue variable, con mayores valores en Morasurco y Mambera. El ANOVA y el análisis discriminante de componentes principales (DAPC) diferenciaron a los cultivares Morasurco de Phureja y a Criolla Colombia de Ratona y Mambera. La agrupación de ambientes en el DAPC ratifica la clasificación de los ambientes. Los requerimientos nutricionales de los genotipos pueden estar limitados por elementos diferentes a los evaluados; la productividad fue influenciada principalmente por los ambientes; se establece a Mambera y Ratona Morada como alternativa en el ambiente AH4, y Criolla Colombia y Morasurco en los otros ambientes.

Resumen El subarriendo es la solución habitacional que acoge a los colectivos urbanos más vulnerables y residencialmente excluidos, entre ellos, gran parte de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos residentes en la ciudad de Barcelona y su área metropolitana. Mediante la realización de 16 entrevistas a integrantes de este colectivo y residentes en habitaciones, este artículo analiza el impacto que tuvo en ellos el confinamiento obligatorio decretado a raíz de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Los resultados señalan que el subarriendo puede enmascarar situaciones de sinhogarismo e infravivienda que no garantiza a dicho colectivo seguridad ni estabilidad a la hora de enfrentarse a un confinamiento; por el contrario, en este periodo se hicieron más palpables las deficiencias residenciales, penalizando especialmente a núcleos familiares que viven en una habitación, a mujeres y a aquellos en situación administrativa irregular.

Résumé La sous-location est la solution de logement qui accueille les groupes urbains les plus vulnérables et les plus exclus de marché du logement, dont une grande partie des immigrés latino-américains résidant dans la ville de Barcelone et sa zone métropolitaine. En réalisant 16 entretiens avec des membres de ce groupe qui vivent dans des chambres en sous-location, cet article analyse l'impact sur eux du confinement obligatoire décrété à la suite de la pandémie de COVID-19. Les résultats indiquent que la sous-location peut masquer des situations des sans-abrisme et de logements insalubres qui ne garantissent pas la sécurité ou la stabilité pour ce groupe face au confinement ; au contraire, les carences résidentielles sont devenues plus palpables durant cette période, pénalisant notamment les familles vivant dans une chambre, les femmes et les personnes en situation administrative irrégulière.

Abstract Subleasing is the housing solution that accommodates the most vulnerable and residentially excluded urban groups, including a large part of the Latin American immigrants residing in the city of Barcelona and its metropolitan area. By conducting 16 interviews with members of this group living in sublet rooms, this article analyzes the impact on them of the compulsory confinement decreed in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicate that subleasing can mask situations of homelessness and substandard housing that does not guarantee security or stability for this group when facing confinement. On the contrary, the residential deficiencies became more tangible during this period, penalizing especially those nuclear families living in a room, women and those in an irregular administrative situation.

Resumo Sublocação é a solução habitacional que acolhe os grupos urbanos mais vulneráveis e excluídos residencial, incluindo grande parte dos imigrantes latino-americanos que residem na cidade de Barcelona e sua área metropolitana. No quadro do confinamento obrigatório em resultado da pandemia COVID-19, através da realização de 16 entrevistas com membros deste grupo e residentes em quartos, analisa-se o impacto que o confinamento teve sobre eles. Os resultados indicam que a sublocação pode mascarar situações de falta de moradia e moradia precária que não garante segurança ou estabilidade para esse grupo diante do confinamento, pelo contrário, nesse período as deficiências residenciais tornaram-se mais palpáveis, penalizando principalmente os familiares dos núcleos que moram em quartos, as mulheres e as pessoas em situação administrativa irregular.

Resumen El artículo busca contribuir a la comprensión de factores que están en la base de la decisión de migrar y elegir a Chile como lugar de destino. Se trabajó con tres colectivos de inmigrantes: colombianos, venezolanos y españoles residentes en la Región de Los Lagos, utilizando técnicas de indagación dialógica. Se utilizó el análisis sociológico del discurso en la fase de procesamiento de la información. Las narrativas emergentes evidenciaron estas cuatro posiciones discursivas respecto a la migración: la forzada, la laboral tradicional, el crecimiento profesional y, finalmente, la búsqueda de realización profesional. Se demuestra que las causas económicas no siempre están detrás de un proyecto migratorio, pues en algunos grupos la situación político-social de los países expulsores y los proyectos e inquietudes personales tienen mayor peso.

Abstract The paper intends to contribute to understanding the factors leading to the decision to migrate and choose Chile as a destination. Techniques of dialogic inquiry have been used to analyze three groups of migrants (Colombians, Venezuelans, and Spaniards) residing in the Los Lagos Region. The sociological discourse analysis has been used to process the information. The emerging narratives showed four discourse types with respect to migration: forced, traditional labor, professional growth, and the search for professional fulfillment. It is shown that the economic dimension of migration loses relevance while the socio-political circumstances of the sending countries and personal projects and expectations of migrants gain heuristic value.

Resumo Fundamento Os limiares de corte para a “relação do ciclo completo de repouso” (RFR) oscilam em diferentes séries, sugerindo que as características da população podem influenciá-los. Da mesma forma, foram documentados preditores de discordância entre a RFR e a reserva de fluxo fracionado (FFR). O Estudo RECOPA, mostrou que a capacidade diagnóstica está reduzida na “zona cinzenta” da RFR, tornando necessária a realização de FFR para descartar ou confirmar isquemia. Objetivos Determinar os preditores de discordância, integrar as informações que eles fornecem em um índice clínico-fisiológico: a “RFR Ajustada”, e comparar sua concordância com o FFR. Métodos Usando dados do Estudo RECOPA, os preditores de discordância em relação à FFR foram determinados na “zona cinzenta” da RFR (0,86 a 0,92) para construir um índice (“RFR Ajustada”) que pesaria a RFR juntamente com os preditores de discordância e avaliar sua concordância com a FFR. Resultados Foram avaliadas 156 lesões em 141 pacientes. Os preditores de discordância foram: doença renal crônica, cardiopatia isquêmica prévia, lesões não envolvendo a artéria descendente anterior esquerda e síndrome coronariana aguda. Embora limitada, a “RFR Ajustada” melhorou a capacidade diagnóstica em comparação com a RFR na “zona cinzenta” (AUC-RFR = 0,651 versus AUC-“RFR Ajustada” = 0,749), mostrando também uma melhora em todos os índices diagnósticos quando foram estabelecidos limiares de corte otimizados (sensibilidade: 59% a 68%; especificidade: 62% a 75%; acurácia diagnóstica: 60% a 71%; razão de verossimilhança positiva: 1,51 a 2,34; razão de verossimilhança negativa: 0,64 a 0,37). Conclusões Ajustar a RFR integrando as informações fornecidas pelos preditores de discordância para obter a “RFR Ajustada” melhorou a capacidade diagnóstica em nossa população. Mais estudos são necessários para avaliar se os índices clínico-fisiológicos melhoram a capacidade diagnóstica da RFR ou de outros índices coronarianos.

Abstract Background Cutoff thresholds for the “resting full-cycle ratio” (RFR) oscillate in different series, suggesting that population characteristics may influence them. Likewise, predictors of discordance between the RFR and fractional flow reserve (FFR) have been documented. The RECOPA Study showed that diagnostic capacity is reduced in the RFR “grey zone”, requiring the performance of FFR to rule out or confirm ischemia. Objectives To determine predictors of discordance, integrate the information they provide in a clinical-physiological index, the “Adjusted RFR”, and compare its agreement with the FFR. Methods Using data from the RECOPA Study, predictors of discordance with respect to FFR were determined in the RFR “grey zone” (0.86 to 0.92) to construct an index (“Adjusted RFR”) that would weigh RFR together with predictors of discordance and evaluate its agreement with FFR. Results A total of 156 lesions were evaluated in 141 patients. Predictors of discordance were: chronic kidney disease, previous ischemic heart disease, lesions not involving the anterior descending artery, and acute coronary syndrome. Though limited, the “Adjusted RFR” improved the diagnostic capacity compared to the RFR in the “grey zone” (AUC-RFR = 0.651 versus AUC-“Adjusted RFR” = 0.749), also showing an improvement in all diagnostic indices when optimal cutoff thresholds were established (sensitivity: 59% to 68%; specificity: 62% to 75%; diagnostic accuracy: 60% to 71%; positive likelihood ratio: 1.51 to 2.34; negative likelihood ratio: 0.64 to 0.37). Conclusions Adjusting the RFR by integrating the information provided by predictors of discordance to obtain the “Adjusted RFR” improved the diagnostic capacity in our population. Further studies are required to evaluate whether clinical-physiological indices improve the diagnostic capacity of RFR or other coronary indices.

Abstract: The south of Mendoza province has been characterized as the southern frontier of South American pre-Hispanic agriculture on the eastern slope of the Andes. This characterization has been based on the presence of crops at the archaeological sites and adopting a dichotomic perception of hunter-gatherers and farmers. During the last few decades, the archaeological record has shown a complex and shifting situation both at a spatial and temporal level in relation to the dependence of human groups on this type of resource. Based on a biogeographic model, we evaluated different lines of analysis from the archaeological record to assess the impact of environmental factors on the emergence of agriculture within the region. The results obtained confirm the low importance of agriculture among human groups as well as their flexibility in facing different environmental and demographic scenarios. Finally, we propose that the environmental structure of Patagonia would have played a central role in limiting the spread of domesticated plant use in this region of South America.

Resumen: El sur de la Provincia de Mendoza ha sido caracterizado como el límite meridional de la agricultura prehispánica sudamericana, específicamente en la vertiente oriental de los Andes. Dicha caracterización ha estado basada en la presencia de plantas domesticadas en los sitios arqueológicos, utilizando una mirada dicotómica entre cazadores-recolectores y agricultores. Los trabajos arqueológicos de las últimas décadas han mostrado una situación compleja y cambiante tanto a nivel espacial como temporal en relación a la dependencia de los grupos humanos sobre este tipo de recursos. A partir de un modelo biogeográfico, se utilizan distintas líneas de análisis del registro arqueológico con el fin de evaluar la incidencia del contexto ambiental en el ingreso de la agricultura a la región. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la escasa importancia de los recursos domesticados entre los grupos humanos de la región y la flexibilidad mostrada por los mismos para enfrentar distintos escenarios ambientales y demográficos. Finalmente, se propone que, en el sur de Mendoza, la estructura ambiental del área biogeográfica de Patagonia habría tenido un rol central en los límites para la dispersión de las plantas domesticadas en esta región de América del Sur.

Resumen. Este artículo investiga el grado de reconocimiento de la categoría de militar víctima en la normatividad y la doctrina del Ejército, y analiza su relación con el honor militar, central en la doctrina de los integrantes de las Fuerzas Armadas. Mediante una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis documental, se determina el estatus de los militares víctimas a partir de las normas jurídicas que sustentan la categoría de militar víctima en Colombia y su transformación tras el Acuerdo de Paz de 2016. Luego se aborda la importancia y transformación del concepto de honor militar, y se discute su relación con los militares víctimas. Con base en la autopoiesis de sistemas sociales, se concluye que la desatención institucional a los militares víctimas puede desarticular el principio del honor militar.

Abstract. This article examines the degree of recognition of the military victim classification in the Army’s regulations and doctrine, analyzing its relationship with military honor, central to the members of the Armed Forces doctrine. A qualitative methodology based on documentary analysis is used to determine the status of the military victim from the legal norms that support the category of military victim in Colombia and its transformation after the 2016 Peace Agreement. Then, it addresses the importance and transformation of the concept of military honor and discusses its relationship with military victims. Based on the autopoiesis of social systems, it is concluded that institutional neglect of military victims can disarticulate the principle of military honor.